• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust-gas-carrying components such as soiled filters (4) and catalysts, in particular of motor vehicle filters and catalytic converters. According to the invention, it is provided that a quality change of a component to be cleaned, such as a filter (4) or catalyst, in particular a degree of cleaning, is measured during a cleaning process. The invention further relates to a device (1) with which such a method can be implemented ,
    公开号:AT511622A1
    申请号:T1000/2011
    申请日:2011-07-08
    公开日:2013-01-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Mayer Hanspeter Dipl Ing；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    Method and device for cleaning filters and catalysts
    The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust-gas-carrying components such as soiled filters and catalysts, in particular automotive filters and catalytic converters.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for cleaning exhaust gas-carrying components such as soiled filters and catalysts, in particular of motor vehicle filters and catalytic converters, comprising a diagnostic device and a cleaning device.
    The number of filters and catalysts used, especially in motor vehicles or industrial engines, has been steadily increasing in recent years due to decreasing emission limits. The effectiveness of such filters and catalysts also increases z. B. in active and / or passive regeneration of filters in the motor vehicle or during operation due to aging effects with the mileage of a motor vehicle. This is due to permanent, non-removable by regeneration impurities and mechanical damage to the filter or catalysts, which can be caused for example by vibrations or thermal overloads, as are common in a motor vehicle. The filters therefore often do not fulfill a function to the desired extent until the end of the service life of a motor vehicle, so that permissible emission limit values can be exceeded. Filters or catalysts must therefore be removed after a certain mileage and undergo a service or maintenance in order to reprocess them or eliminate them on the basis of a well-founded diagnosis and replace them with new ones. Alternatively, a cleaning and diagnosis in the installed state is possible.
    At present, there is neither an efficient method nor a corresponding device with which developed filters or catalysts can be automatically examined and cleaned on an industrial scale. Prior art methods and devices have the disadvantages of requiring a high level of human resources to diagnose a mechanical condition or a cleaning condition, making such processes very expensive. Next is not an automatic 2
    Cleaning of such filters in large quantities with the necessary short cycle times possible.
    The object of the invention is to eliminate or at least reduce the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a particularly efficient method for purifying exhaust gas-carrying components such as filters and catalysts.
    Furthermore, a device is to be specified with which such a method can be implemented.
    The first object is achieved in that in a method of the type mentioned during a cleaning process with a diagnostic device, a quality change of a component to be cleaned, such as a filter or catalyst, in particular a degree of purification is measured.
    This has the advantage that the process can run automatically and z. For example, a built-up filter or catalyst is cleaned only to the extent necessary to achieve a desired filtration or permeability, or until it is determined that the filter or catalyst is too damaged to be recycled can be so refrained from further cleaning and the filter or catalyst can be disposed of or repaired. In this case, the cleaning process can be controlled and / or regulated by means of data of the diagnostic device. This has the advantage that a cleaning success is detected directly during the cleaning or predicted in advance and the cleaning process can be adjusted to it.
    If necessary, the measurement of the quality change during cleaning also includes the measurement or determination of a functional change. For example, when cleaning a filter loaded with soot particles, it may happen that the soot particles are removed, but the filter still causes the same counterpressure in comparison with an initial state. This is detected in the measurement of quality change and stopped further cleaning of the filter or initiated another cleaning step. 3 fc 4 • * * 4 «» * * * * * * t * * * * * «* * *« t ·
    The inventive method is preferably in a cleaning of Wall-flow or. Wandstromfiltern or analogously constructed catalysts with honeycomb structure for use, but can also be used in the cleaning of structurally differently constructed filters or catalysts. However, it is also possible to use the method according to the invention for other exhaust gas-carrying components, for. B. filters of burners or heating systems.
    It has been proven that a cleaning state of the component is measured continuously or at predetermined points by means of pressure drop measurement. Whether a continuous or intermittent measurement is carried out at short intervals, depends on the application. The pressure loss measurement can with a pressure gradient, in the flow direction over z. B. the filter or catalyst is applied are performed. In this case, a mass or volume flow is measured and used to calculate a flow resistance of the filter or catalyst. Alternatively, a defined amount of gas can be applied to the filter or catalyst or, more generally, of the component, and the pressure upstream and downstream of the component can be measured in the direction of flow in order to obtain information about the flow resistance of the component. It is also possible to apply a plurality of differential pressures or gas flows one after the other to the component in order to detect a flow behavior at different pressures or volume flows. An advantage of this variant is that this measurement can be carried out at the beginning of the cleaning process in order to obtain information about the input state of the component, and after a first cleaning carried out, a change in the flow behavior can be measured to allow the component to respond to the cleaning to capture. Furthermore, it can also be determined when the cleaning has been completed, since then a flow behavior of the component no longer or only very slightly changes with further cleaning measures. Thus, for example, a change in the state of cleaning that approaches zero can be used very advantageously for a control of a cleaning device, for. B. to ensure a cleaning success of more than 95%, which is generally considered sufficient for cleaning.
    As an alternative to a pressure loss measurement, a weight measurement or a volume flow measurement of a gas flowing through can also take place. Another alternative for wall-flow filters is depth probing by means of a probe or other methods for detecting a free depth of a channel in a cell or a channel closure, z. As the pressure loss measurements, the alternative measurements can be carried out continuously or intermittently. It is also possible to apply several of the alternatives mentioned together in order to increase the validity of a measurement result.
    In order to obtain a particularly accurate measurement result, the pressure loss measurement can also be carried out in such a way that simultaneously a pressure before and after the component (differential pressure measurement) and a volume flow over the component is measured in order to accelerate the flow behavior in the component. By varying the volume flow, the same backpressure value as with a soiled component can thus also be set for open or new components. Since clean components, in particular filters or catalysts of the wall-flow type, require a substantially higher volume flow for the same back pressure, comparable measurement results can thus be obtained.
    It has been proven that a structural state of the component is optically measured continuously or at predetermined points. Thus, the efficiency of the method can be increased, since with such a method step structurally severely damaged components can be detected at the beginning of the cleaning process and then discharged directly and disposed of, without any costly full cleaning is performed on them. As an alternative to an optical measurement which, for example, automatically detects a cell depth of a wall-flow filter by means of a laser distance measurement, it is also possible to detect the structural state by means of a camera or manually by means of visual inspection. In addition, other measuring methods based on electromagnetic or mechanical waves, for example X-ray, ultrasound or natural frequency measurements, can be replaced to detect and classify the structural state of the component. The detection of the structural state of the component can also be carried out continuously over a period of time or at least at several points, in order to detect a change of this state during the cleaning process and thus to prevent a component that is being exposed during a period of 5 * · i the cleaning process is damaged, is delivered to a customer again. In particular with filters or catalysts, a catalytic function or a state of a catalytic coating can also be detected, which is particularly important in filters and catalysts for exhaust gas purification systems with selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
    It is preferably provided that a quality change of the component enters into the cleaning process as a controlled variable and the cleaning process is terminated upon reaching a predetermined limit value or a failure to achieve a predetermined quality change, in particular within a predetermined period of time. This eliminates unnecessary cleaning, as only as long as cleaning, as an additional cleaning leads to an additional increase in the degree of purification of the component. This can further increase the efficiency of the process.
    It has been proven that a quality change of the component triggers a change in a cleaning strategy, in particular a change from a mechanical to a thermal cleaning device or vice versa. In many cases, a cleaning state of a component can be optimized by means of a mechanical cleaning device only up to a certain value. In order to go beyond this limit, it may be necessary to perform a thermal cleaning process step that can dissolve component contaminants, particularly by burning at high temperatures. In order to be able to automate this change from a mechanical cleaning device to a thermal cleaning device, the cleaning state of the component is measured continuously or at predetermined points and a change to a thermal cleaning device is automatically carried out as soon as it is apparent that further cleaning by means of a mechanical cleaning device, in particular a compressed air device, does not improve the cleaning state of the component. The thermal cleaning process takes place under controlled heat and oxygen supply.
    In this case, the cleaning state during thermal cleaning or before and after the thermal cleaning can be measured to determine when even with 6 m
    6 m • * * * * * Λ «44« 4 4 · · · I 14 I
    14 * "· a further thermal cleaning no improvement of the cleaning state can be achieved more. In this case, the component is moved by the thermal cleaning device back to the mechanical cleaning device, where then a further cleaning success by means of mechanical cleaning is possible. In principle, it is possible to change between different cleaning steps as often as required, until the desired cleaning success has occurred.
    It has been proven that a mechanical cleaning of the component by means of an under pressure gaseous process medium, in particular air, is performed, although other media, eg. B. solid particles, optionally in admixture with a liquid medium can be used. In this case, the pressurized gaseous medium from one or more nozzles, which are arranged inside or outside the component, in particular also above and below a filter or catalyst of the wall-flow type, are applied to clean the filter or catalyst. High-speed air nozzles are particularly preferably used which, due to a high speed and a small quantity at the same time, generate a high air discharge pulse, which can thus significantly reduce the air requirement, measured in liters per minute, compared with comparable systems. As an alternative to air, it is of course also possible to use other gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, water vapor and various inert gases or a combination of these gases. Furthermore, cleaning with a liquid medium, for example water, or a multiphase medium, for example air with dry ice particles, is also conceivable. When using air as the cleaning medium, it is possible with the method according to the invention to be able to ensure if required with less than 1000 liters of compressed air per minute, a plant operation and a filter or catalyst purification. In this case, a nozzle can work in economy mode with less than 500 liters of compressed air or cleaning gas per minute, at full load with 500 liters per minute or more and a practicable upper limit of 5000 liters per minute. For quick cleaning, multiple nozzles can be used on one top and one bottom with a gas flow of more than 500 liters per minute. Especially with impurities sitting deep in a cell of a filter or catalyst, high velocity nozzles with tightly bundled gas flow can be used. This process step can also be referred to as physical cleaning, since the impurities adhering to the component are determined by means of a • t »· 44« · · l «* 4« · • 4 4 f · · · · 4 · · «« «* #». * | »* ··« «t · h t · · I« I «· 4 · 7 external forces are released. The introduction of this force can be done via solid, liquid or gaseous media or a combination thereof or applied to the component accelerations, for example in a vibrator.
    It has been proven that in one process step, a thermal cleaning of the component by means of heating, in particular in an oven, is performed. Due to the fact that some deposits on filters or catalysts are not mechanically removable, in particular not with compressed air, but they can be burned in a furnace at high temperature, it is advantageous to provide in the process a thermal cleaning step in which the component is heated in an oven until all dissolvable impurities have burned off. In this case, as an alternative to heating in an oven, a heat of a hot gas stream or a radiation or convection heat of a hot surface can be used for heating. Also heating of the filter or catalyst in an inductive manner, by means of microwave radiation or other electromagnetic waves is a possible alternative at this point. Furthermore, as an alternative or in addition to a thermal cleaning, it is also possible to use a chemical cleaning in which the impurities adhering to the component are dissolved by chemical processes, in particular by the action of solvents.
    To reduce health risks for an operator, it is advantageous that impurities z. B. be removed from the filter or catalyst, vacuumed and recycled. This eliminates a major disadvantage of existing equipment for cleaning filters and catalysts, as these pose very high health risks for the operating personnel. This is remedied when the components are cleaned in a closed work area and contaminants are transported via a pressure gradient from a work area to a filter unit. Thus, it is also possible to create a closed loop of the process medium and to minimize loss. The excreted substances can be used again in other processes, eg. B. as fillers for building materials or, optionally after treatment, as a material in the industry or for cosmetics. For a particularly efficient process, it is advantageous that a waste heat of the cleaning process is returned to it, in particular for preheating a mechanical device. This makes it possible to reduce energy costs in a particularly simple manner. 5
    It is preferably provided that a defined pressure gradient is generated by means of an air suction, with which a contaminated process or cleaning medium such as contaminated compressed air is transported from a working space to a filter system, where it is cleaned. This ensures, on the one hand, that the working space remains clean and, on the other hand, that contaminants that are released from the component are constantly fed to a filter system and are separated and collected from the process medium.
    It is particularly advantageous that a filtrate from the filter system is received in a 15 Staubfangbehälter. This dust catcher or its contents can then be automatically or manually particularly easily re-use, especially a recycling or disposal, fed. For example, the waste can be used as a component or filler in building materials. 20 It has been proven that a process medium is reused after cleaning. Thus, on the one hand, any residual impurities in the process medium are not released to the outside air, the environment or another cleaning medium, and any heat present in the process medium after thermal cleaning may be returned to the process by heat exchange. In this way energy costs are saved and pollution of the environment is avoided.
    It is advantageous that the component is a filter or catalyst and operating data of the component is linked to measurement data from the diagnostic device in order to adjust mathematical aging models. On the one hand, validated 30 long-term models of filters and catalysts can be used
    On the other hand, optimal strategies for cleaning filters or catalysts can be created. For example, it is possible with safe aging models, in the vehicle due to the recorded vehicle history the optimal time to 9
    Determine filter regeneration and replace the filter, even before a noticeable deterioration of the filtering effect occurs.
    It is preferably provided that a filtration effect of the component is measured via a number and / or amount of particles passing through the component at given pressure ratios. From this can be z. B. draw particularly favorable conclusions about the tightness of a filter or catalyst substrate. This tightness is no longer guaranteed if, for example, cracks pass through the filter or catalyst, so that cracks can be detected particularly easily with this type of measurement.
    Alternatively, cracks in the filter or catalyst could also be detected by X-ray or ultrasonic testing or other vibration based measurement techniques.
    It has been proven that contamination of the component with fuel or engine oil is measured by a hydrocarbon sensor. This is particularly important at the beginning of the cleaning process, so that combustible residues can be detected, which could lead to unwanted explosions in the course of a thermal cleaning. If such residues are detected, the component must be freed from these residues before carrying out the thermal cleaning. The hydrocarbon sensor can be designed as an optical, chemical or mechanical sensor.
    The second object is achieved in that in a device of the type mentioned with the diagnostic device, a quality change of the component, in particular a degree of cleaning, during a cleaning process is measurable. In this case, at least part of the device, in particular the cleaning device, by means of data of the diagnostic device can be controlled and / or regulated.
    Thus, a device is provided on which a closed-loop process is possible in which data from the process, namely cleaning, can be re-incorporated into the process, which enables an efficient cleaning process or a controlled diagnosis and cleaning process. 10
    It is preferably provided that the diagnostic device comprises a hydrocarbon sensor. Alternatively, the hydrocarbon sensor may also be designed as a separate sensor, before z. As a filter or catalyst in the cleaning device to detect residues of engine oil or fuel that could ignite in the course of a thermal cleaning. If contaminated, it is dried and removed with blanketing gas or controlled oxygen supply and heating, so that the residues are burnt off in a controlled manner.
    It is advantageous that the diagnostic device comprises a balance. Optionally, a force measuring device may be provided. This can be a particularly simple way to detect a change in weight during the cleaning process, which is due to the removal of residues. As soon as the weight does not change during a cleaning process, this can be taken as an indicator that there is no further increase in the degree of cleaning.
    It is preferably provided that the diagnostic device has an optical sensor, with which a cell depth of the component and / or a number of purified to a bottom cells can be measured, which is to be understood as each cell in the flow direction at one point closed flow channel. It can be a laser, a light sensor or a camera. Alternatively, the cell depth can also be determined by means of mechanical measuring methods, by means of X-ray imaging or ultrasound measuring methods. The cell depth provides information about the degree of contamination of individual cells of the component in their depth, in particular a wall-flow filter, so that with a measurement of all cells or almost all cells a statement about a total degree of contamination z. B. the filter or catalyst is possible. This makes it possible, in particular, to rule out that the component, such as a filter or catalyst, is still heavily contaminated at one end, although in itself, taken as a whole, a good cleaning result has already been achieved. At the same time, statistical methods can also be used to deduce fewer cells from the measured depth with a calculable probability of a degree of contamination.
    It can also be provided that the diagnostic device comprises a device with which a pressure loss in the component can be measured, in particular a pressure gauge, in which a volume and mass flow sensor is integrated. Thus, 11 can be measured at a given volume flow of Druckvertust in the component and the flow behavior of the component at different mass flows or different pressure differences can be determined. By using a pressure gauge, in which a volume and mass flow sensor is integrated, a particularly accurate characterization of the flow behavior z. B. in a filter or catalyst.
    It is advantageous that the diagnostic device comprises an optical sensor, in particular a camera, with which a structural state of the component can be determined. Thus, on the one hand a mechanically severely damaged component can be sorted out prior to entering the cleaning process and possibly disposed of, on the other hand, it can also determine whether a component is damaged by the cleaning process. This prevents damaged components being returned to customers in the cleaning process.
    It has been proven that with the device a plurality of components, in particular filters or catalysts, can be cleaned in parallel or at the same time and / or sequentially in a fully automated manner. This is particularly important because it can accommodate the need for a device for industrial diagnosis and purification of filters and catalysts. Furthermore, this also increases the efficiency, since, for example, groups of filters or catalysts can be formed which have a similar degree of contamination and then pass through the entire cleaning process together.
    It is also advantageous that the cleaning device comprises a pneumatic device with which the filter or catalyst can be cleaned mechanically by means of a pressurized gaseous medium, preferably air. It may then also be provided that a plurality of air nozzles are present for the outlet of a cleaning air. These nozzles may be located outside or optionally within the component and, in particular, above and below to maximize cleaning performance. High-speed nozzles are preferably used, which already achieve a high air outlet pulse with a small amount of air, so that with a small amount of air, a high cleaning effect can be achieved. Basically 12
    In the context of the invention, however, it is also possible to use liquid or solid media and combinations of media of different physical states.
    It is expedient that the cleaning device comprises a device with which the filter or catalyst thermally, for. B. in an oven, is cleanable. In this case, impurities that can not be solved by mechanical cleaning, burned off or at least loosened by heating and subsequent cooling. As an alternative to cleaning in an oven, thermal cleaning by means of a hot gas stream or by means of radiant heat of a hot object placed near the filter or catalyst is also conceivable. In addition, heating by means of electromagnetic waves, for example, similar to a process in an induction furnace, is possible.
    It is preferably provided that the device comprises a base which is permeable to light and / or gas and on which the component can be fastened or stored. Thus, on the one hand through the base, a process medium such as air to be sucked or blown into a work space, on the other hand, it is also possible to perform optical examinations through the base or on the base. It can also be provided that the component is freely positionable with a movable arm and if necessary moved on the base. This results in a further possibility to position the object to be cleaned relative to a cleaning device, such as cleaning nozzles. This device for attaching the component can be designed so that regardless of the size or shape of the component of this can be fastened to the plant z. B. To give flexibility for a variety of filters or catalysts from different manufacturers.
    To minimize a cycle time or process duration, it is advantageous that the component between the diagnostic device and the cleaning device is arranged to be automatically movable, in particular with robots and / or conveyor belts. Thus, a completely automated manipulation of z. As filters or catalysts between the individual components of the device can be achieved.
    It may also be preferred that at least one filter system is provided, with which a process medium can be cleaned. This has the advantage that a process medium can be reused and "..." "..." * Residues from the components do not have to endanger the health of an operator.
    In order to facilitate reuse of the process medium, it is advantageous that an air or media extraction is provided, with a process medium from a working space to a filter unit and after cleaning the process medium in the filter system is transported back to the working space with this air extraction a pressure gradient produced in the device with which a process medium can be transported in a circuit from the working space to the filter unit and from this back to the work space. Thus, the process step of cleaning the process medium can be carried out fully automatically and the process medium can be cleaned and reused without risk for any operating personnel. In this device, a heat exchanger can be provided, via which a process heat from the process medium is supplied to the process again, before the process medium is introduced into the filter system.
    Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the embodiment illustrated below. The drawings, to which reference is made, show:
    Fig. 1a, a cleaning system for compressed air cleaning in side view;
    FIG. 1b shows a cleaning system for compressed air cleaning in plan view; FIG.
    FIG. 2 shows a course of a cleaning state of a filter or catalyst over a cleaning time; FIG.
    3 shows a complete cleaning process including the process steps of delivery and delivery to a customer;
    4 shows a diagram relating to a back pressure at various measuring points during a cleaning process;
    5 shows a compensation curve obtained from data or measured values according to FIG. 4.
    1a and 1b show a device 1 for the compressed air cleaning of exhaust gas-carrying components such as filters or catalysts, which are used in particular in diesel or gasoline powered vehicles and are expanded for the purpose of maintenance. The apparatus 1 can also be used to clean 14 4. * * * * * * * + »* 4 Φ Φ Φ Φ ΦΦ * * * Φ · Φ Φ * Φ · ^ *
    Catalysts for SCR or filters from industrial plants can be used. Furthermore, filters 4 from heaters or cogeneration plants in the device 1 can also be cleaned.
    A filter 4, typically a wall-flow filter, is in this case on a base 7 in a working space, which is bounded by a cover laterally and above and the base 7 below. In the working space, pressures significantly above and below the ambient air prevail, which is why the cover is designed such that it can withstand these pressures. Furthermore, the device 1 explosion-proof to ATEX standard, Zone 22 designed to ensure the safety of an operator can. Above the filter 4, a pneumatic device 2 in the form of a compressed air nozzle is shown schematically on the left, with which the filter 4 is cleaned, for example by helical movement over the upper end of the filter 4 or segmental loading of individual cells. In a helical guide of the compressed air nozzle or possibly multiple compressed air nozzles during cleaning all the cells are pressurized by the nozzles are guided in a circular path from an outside to a center of the filter 4 and back, with each method of the nozzle these over a piece the filter surface are moved on. At the same time or alternatively, the filter may also be rotated between each method of the nozzles. As an alternative to cleaning with air, cleaning with another gas, for example carbon dioxide, nitrogen, propane, butane, an inert gas or else using dry ice or other solid materials, is also possible. Further, the use of a cleaning device with a plurality of nozzles, which can be arranged arbitrarily around or in the filter 4 or catalyst, conceivable. The base 7 or the base is gas-permeable and optionally transparent, so that optionally also a transmitted light measurement in this working space is possible. With such a transmitted light measurement, for example, cracks in the filter 4 can be detected particularly easily. The working space is sealed from the environment in such a way that even with a prevailing negative pressure in the interior despite a large differential-pressure-loaded lateral surface a constant opening force for opening and closing an upper housing part is required. This functionality can be provided in several ways, preferably a differential piston is used. For visual inspection, the top cover is made of a transparent material to visually check the condition of the filter 4 at any time. The 15th
    Compressed air nozzles can be moved by means of a kinematics, not shown in any direction relative to the filter 4 in order to clean it from each side. This kinematics can preferably also be pneumatically driven in order to reduce energy costs. It can also be provided that the kinematics carries out continuous pivoting movements in order to alternately clean the filter 4 alternately from several sides. In the exemplary embodiment, it is also provided that the filter 4 is set during a cleaning process in a rotation about a vertical axis in order to increase a cleaning success. In the device 1 can also be provided that a camera detects the content of the working space, so that a positioning of the cleaning nozzles or the cleaning device can be adjusted to the size and position of the filter 4. The nozzles are preferably designed as high-speed nozzles to minimize a required amount of air.
    This is particularly favorable when the compressed air nozzles produce a narrow air cone and thus a high pulse per area can be achieved. This high momentum is needed for a point-like air irradiation of the individual filter cells, in order to reach in the depth of a filter cell still sufficient for cleaning airflow. Thus, in a device 1, a compressed air volume flow requirement can be reduced to less than 1000 liters per minute for system operation and filter cleaning.
    In the base 7, an air suction 5 is integrated in this embodiment, from which the contaminated process medium, in this case air, is sucked from the working space and fed to a filter unit 6. In this filter system 6, the process medium is then cleaned and fed back to the working space after this cleaning. This ensures, on the one hand, that the process medium constantly has a required degree of purity and, on the other hand, that process heat stored in the process medium can be available again for the process. The filter unit 6 in turn can be designed such that it cleans itself by a mechanical or pneumatic device and a resulting filtrate is transported into a dust collector. Preferably, such a dust collector is designed as a disposable container. Thus, the operating personnel never have to come into contact with the harmful substances of the filtrate. From the air exhaust 5 a defined pressure gradient is constantly generated in the device, which achieves a directed flow, which transports the process medium from the working space to the filter unit 6 and from this back to the working space. A supply air valve and a vacuum blower with an exhaust air line provide for a "source" «« «» «·« «9« · · · · < «*« * * * Φ · »· 4 · t · *» »· T * Φ · ·» · 4 * * «* * 16
    Sink flow "within the system. A light source and a light detection unit, such as a light sensor or a camera, can also be integrated in the work space in order to be able to detect cracks or defects in the test object even during the compressed air cleaning. A cleaning result can also be measured by means of a balance, which can be arranged, for example, below the base 7 and measures the weight of the filter 4 continuously. The scale can of course also be integrated in the base 7 or form this. This makes it very easy to see when, despite further cleaning, cleaning success can no longer be achieved and a different cleaning strategy must be selected. Alternatively, the balance can also be arranged outside the cleaning device and the weight of the filter 4 can be measured before and after the cleaning process in order to determine a cleaning success. It is also possible to provide a labeling and reading unit with which each test object can be clearly labeled and identified, so that a historical development of a degree of cleaning of a filter 4 during a cleaning process can be clearly traced.
    For cleaning, it can also be provided that a gas is heated which, for example, chemically converts or burns organic substances in the filter 4 or catalyst. On the filter 4 in Fig. 1, a pressure gauge 3 is placed next to the compressed air nozzle, in which a pressure sensor and a volume or mass flow sensor is integrated. With this measuring device, a flow behavior in the filter 4 can be determined particularly accurately, since the pressure build-up at a given volume flow or a volume flow at a given differential pressure can be measured exactly. Thus, the differential pressure of the filter 4 is continuously measured, so that a statement about the cleaning state is possible. The data obtained during the cleaning and diagnosis of the filter 4 are routed via an interface to a data acquisition and evaluation system, on which cleaning and diagnostic data of the individual filter 4 can be linked, possibly with existing data on the operation of the filter 4, so that Lifetime models of filters and catalysts can be compared much better than was previously possible. Thus, a filter failure can be predicted particularly accurately in advance and a failure of the filter 4, which could for example lead to the failure of a motor vehicle, be avoided. Furthermore, data from the vehicle operation can thus be linked with the status data of a filter 4 or catalytic converter in order to possibly turn from corresponding data to problems in the system. [· · * »• • • • • • • • 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i · • 4 ·· * # «4 ft * 1 * *« 4 * * * ft # 4 * 4 * 4 * * * 4 * 17
    Vehicle, such as a defective turbocharger to be able to close. With the automatic device 1, it is possible to process the quantities required by vehicle manufacturers of up to 3000 pieces per day. At the same time can be dispensed with a significant proportion of components to be cleaned on a chemical or thermal cleaning process, since the physical process with the high-speed air nozzles already leads to the achievement of the required cleaning performance. If the thermal cleaning is also carried out in this working space, hot gas can be used, for example, as a cleaning agent to burn off existing soot in the filter 4. Alternatively, the entire work space can be heated.
    FIG. 2 shows a typical cleaning process over a cleaning time of two differently soiled filters, whereby filter A is initially slightly less polluted than filter B. In the first area between t0 and t-, the filters are only cleaned by means of compressed air. In this case, a high level of cleaning is already achieved in filter A; With filter B, only a suboptimal plateau is reached, on which a further cleaning does not lead to an improvement of the cleaning performance. At this point, the device 1 recognizes the need to change the cleaning strategy for filter B and switch to a thermal process. In the second area between U and t2, a further increase in the degree of purification is also recognizable in the case of filter B until only very slight successes can be achieved even with thermal cleaning. This is also recognized by the control again and the filter B is again supplied to the physical cleaning by means of compressed air, where now a further improvement of the degree of purification is possible.
    Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of a typical cleaning and diagnostic process wherein a filter 4 or catalyst is supplied by the customer. In the first step, a structural state of the filter 4 or the catalyst is detected manually and by means of an automated image recognition method and decided whether the filter 4 or catalyst is supplied for cleaning or cleaning no longer seems appropriate and the filter 4 or catalyst must be disposed of. In the case of a defective filter 4 or catalytic converter, it may also be possible to deduce a cause for the damage; the relevant information may be forwarded to the customer with recommended measures to avoid similar damage in the future * * * * * * * * a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ..... ...... • · · · · · · · · · φφ 18. If the filter 4 or catalyst is assessed as cleanable, then this is supplied to a buffer memory, from which this is removable from an automated logistics. Once the filter 4 or catalyst is removed from the buffer, the current cleaning condition is checked to evaluate the benefit of the following steps just after the cleaning process. Also before the actual cleaning, at least before a thermal cleaning, is analyzed by means of a hydrocarbon sensor, whether residues of gasoline or engine oil in the filter 4 or catalyst are included, which are to be removed prior to any thermal cleaning in any case. This is followed by a process step of pre-cleaning by means of physical cleaning methods or a device 1 according to the invention, in particular by means of compressed air. Subsequently, the cleaning state of the filter 4 or catalyst is measured again. This measurement can be carried out continuously during cleaning or before and after a cleaning process. As soon as it can be seen that no improvement in the cleaning state can be achieved without changing the cleaning process, but the desired cleaning success has not yet been achieved, the physical process switches to a thermal process. There, the filter 4 or catalyst is heated in an oven or by means of a hot gas stream or otherwise, so that any existing soot burns in the filter 4 or catalyst. Again, the cleaning state can be detected continuously and at different times and aborted when falling below a predetermined cleaning gradient over the cleaning time of the process and the filter 4 or catalyst are fed back to a pneumatic cleaning. It is again cleaned until no further improvement of the cleaning state can be achieved before the filter 4 or catalyst is transported to the next review. Here again, the structural state of the filter 4 or catalyst can be checked, in particular whether no mechanical damage to the filter 4 or catalyst have occurred through the cleaning operations. If the filter 4 or catalyst withstands the criteria specified here, it is finally cleaned again before it is transported to a goods output memory. From there, the filter 4 or catalyst can be returned to the customer. The total cycle time of a filter 4 or catalyst in this process typically does not exceed 20 minutes per filter 4 or catalyst, so this process is very suitable for use in industrial manufacturing. In the case of smaller systems with fewer UUTs per working day, a process time in favor of the acquisition costs can be extended to more than one hour, whereby otherwise concurrent processes can run consecutively.
    The method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that measurement data for determining a cleaning success are recorded continuously for the diagnosis or at least at predetermined time intervals during a cleaning. This is shown with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In this case, a plurality of individual measurements are preferably carried out simultaneously at each measurement time, as illustrated in FIG. 4. As a result, it is possible to form an average value from individual measured data of locally different measuring points and in turn to determine a basic function according to FIG. 5 from individual mean values. This basic function can usually be described by a mathematical model. For the recording of the individual measured values at the individual measuring points, the methods described above are used, in particular the determination of a differential pressure over the filter 4 or a catalyst or, especially in wall-flow filters, a measurement by means of probing rods, with which a penetration depth and thus indirectly a cleaning success is measurable.
    The measuring methods mentioned (eg pressure difference, cell depth and / or weight) result in fluctuating measured values, which are often insufficient for the desired accuracy of the cleaning result. Preferably, the measured value should be much more accurate than the result to be calculated. For this purpose, the measured values are processed statistically, z. B by averaging or by a regression analysis. This mathematical function can be applied by various methods, for example via formation of the derivative with respect to time or integration of the curve function over a measuring range in order to obtain the most continuous, low-scattering course of a measured cleaning performance and thus a measuring signal used for process control can be. Thus, a first derivative after the time of the cleaning function (usually a polynomial of higher order) can determine the given at a time tangent increase in the function and thus represent gradients of the function. By comparing the curves or functions with desired curves can be extrapolated during a cleaning on the expected process duration or it can be detected a defective filter 4 or catalyst. Integrating the function over a range allows averaging the area below the curve in a graph (measured over time) and thus can still calculate a cleaning worker that is still required. For determining the process capability according to specifications, eg. As in the automotive industry, an accurate statistical evaluation of the process or result and a stable result is important. 5
    From the basic function shown in Fig. 5, a first derivative may be formed indicating a slope of the curve. Thus, the signal obtained or a statement about a quality change is more accurate than a fluctuating back pressure value of a single measurement. The basic function can usually be described by a second-order polynomial, ie it does not have a point of inflection, which is why the gradient falls steadily with time and the basic function approaches the x-axis asymptotically. The gradient becomes zero or the limit goes to zero, if no further cleaning success can be achieved. Thus, the cleaning can be stopped efficiently just when this state is reached and the filter 4 or catalyst 15 need not be further cleaned. The achievement of a required degree of purification can also be easily determined by falling below a certain counterpressure or given a certain penetration depth of the probing rods. The sum of all measured values and tangent values at the end of the process has a variance that can be converted into a standard deviation. It is evident in the context of the invention that all values lie within the sixfold standard deviation. Such a small standard deviation meets the quality standards for series processes in the automotive sector.
    权利要求:
    Claims (30)
    [1]
    21

    1. A method for cleaning exhaust-gas-carrying components such as soiled filters and catalysts, in particular of Kraftfahrzeugfiltem and catalysts, characterized in that during a cleaning process with a diagnostic device, a quality change of a component to be cleaned as a filter (4) or catalyst, in particular a degree of purification , is measured.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning process is controlled by means of data of the diagnostic device and / or regulated.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cleaning state of the component is measured by means of pressure loss measurement continuously or at predetermined points.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that is measured continuously or at predetermined points, a structural state of the component optically.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a quality change of the component enters into the cleaning process as a controlled variable and the cleaning process is terminated upon reaching a predetermined limit value or a failure to achieve a predetermined quality change.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a change in quality of the component triggers a change in a cleaning strategy, in particular a change from a mechanical to a thermal cleaning device or vice versa.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a mechanical cleaning of the component by means of a pressurized gaseous process medium, in particular air, is performed. 22
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in a process step, a thermal cleaning of the component by means of heating, in particular in an oven, is performed.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that impurities which are removed from the component, are sucked off and recycled.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a waste heat of the cleaning process is supplied to this again, in particular for preheating a mechanical device.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that by means of an air suction (5) a defined pressure gradient is generated, with a contaminated process medium from a working space to a filter unit (6) is transported, where this is cleaned.
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that a filtrate from the filter system (6) is received in a dust collector.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a process medium is reused after cleaning.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the component is a filter (4) or catalyst and operating data of the component with measurement data from the diagnostic device are linked to match mathematical aging models.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a filtration effect of the component over a number and / or amount of the component at given pressure conditions passing particles is measured.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that contamination of the component with fuel or engine oil is measured by a hydrocarbon sensor. 23 ··························································································.
    [17]
    17. Device (1) for cleaning exhaust-gas-carrying components such as soiled filters and catalysts, in particular of motor vehicle filters and catalytic converters, comprising a diagnostic device and a cleaning device, characterized in that the diagnostic device a quality change of a component, in particular a degree of cleaning, during a cleaning process is measurable.
    [18]
    18. Device (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that at least part of the device (1), in particular the cleaning device, by means of data of the diagnostic device can be controlled and / or regulated.
    [19]
    19. Device (1) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the diagnostic device comprises a hydrocarbon sensor.
    [20]
    20. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the diagnostic device comprises a balance.
    [21]
    21. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the diagnostic device comprises an optical sensor with which a cell depth of the component and / or a number of purified to a bottom cells can be measured.
    [22]
    22. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the diagnostic device comprises a device with which a pressure drop in the component is measurable, in particular a pressure gauge (3), in which a volume and mass flow sensor is integrated ,
    [23]
    23. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the diagnostic device comprises an optical sensor, in particular a camera, with which a structural state of the component can be determined.
    [24]
    24. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that with the device (1) a plurality of components can be cleaned in parallel and / or sequentially fully automated. 24


    [25]
    25. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the cleaning device comprises a pneumatic device (2) with which the component can be cleaned mechanically by means of a pressurized gaseous medium, preferably air. 5
    [26]
    26. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that the cleaning device comprises a device with which the component thermally, for. B. in an oven, is cleanable.
    [27]
    27. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 26, characterized in that the device (1) comprises a base (7) which is permeable to light and / or gas and on which the component can be fastened or stored.
    [28]
    28. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 27, characterized in that the component between the diagnostic device and the cleaning device is arranged automatically movable, in particular with robots and / or conveyor belts.
    [29]
    29. Device (1) according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that at least one filter system (6) is provided, with which a process medium can be cleaned.
    [30]
    30. Device (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 29, characterized in that an air extraction (5) is provided, with a process medium from a working space to a filter system (6) and after cleaning of the process medium in the filter system (6 ) is transportable back to the work space.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    PL2543836T3|2016-02-29|
    EP2543836B1|2015-09-02|
    EP2543836A1|2013-01-09|
    ES2554935T3|2015-12-28|
    AT511622B1|2014-01-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT402799B|1996-03-20|1997-08-25|Scheuch Alois Gmbh|Method for controlling the cleaning of filters, and apparatus for implementing this method|
    US20050000894A1|2001-11-30|2005-01-06|Stefan Hedstrom|Cleaning efficiency testing method and apparatus for a filter in a filtering system|
    DE60302536T2|2002-12-18|2006-06-14|Nissan Motor|Regeneration device for a particle filter|
    DE3810137C2|1988-03-25|1990-04-05|Iss Industrie- Und Schiffs-Service R. Gradewald, 2000 Wedel, De|
    FR2840405B1|2002-06-03|2005-04-15|Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa|METHOD FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL OF AN EXHAUST GAS DEPOLLUTION DEVICE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AND A RESTORATION SYSTEM FOR DE-CURING DEVICES|
    AT510611B1|2010-11-02|2012-12-15|Hanspeter Dipl Ing Mayer|DEVICE FOR CLEANING A FILTER OR CATALYST|PL2884066T3|2013-12-11|2017-07-31|Hirtenberger Aktiengesellschaft|Method for diagnosing an object and a device for carrying out the said method|
    PL2884067T3|2013-12-11|2018-08-31|Hirtenberger Aktiengesellschaft|Methods for diagnosing and cleaning an object and device for same|
    EP2884065B1|2013-12-11|2019-09-11|Hirtenberger Holding GmbH|Method for automated decontamination of a contaminated object and device for performing the method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1000/2011A|AT511622B1|2011-07-08|2011-07-08|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING FILTERS AND CATALYSTS|ATA1000/2011A| AT511622B1|2011-07-08|2011-07-08|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING FILTERS AND CATALYSTS|
    PL12175549T| PL2543836T3|2011-07-08|2012-07-09|Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage pour des filtres et catalyseurs|
    ES12175549.0T| ES2554935T3|2011-07-08|2012-07-09|Procedure and device for cleaning filters and catalysts|
    EP12175549.0A| EP2543836B1|2011-07-08|2012-07-09|Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage pour des filtres et catalyseurs|
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